Over on MyArmoury Len Parker found a Norwegian King's Saga written after 1263 which has someone wearing a treja (quilted coat) and a byrnie (mail coat). Together with the Þiðreks saga that you've allready cited, this is as far as I can tell the oldest use of the word 'treja' in Norse sources. Two e...

Thank you for your advice, sir. after staring at it for a few hours, i agree that it is best to take it down a bit. I'll remove a few cm of the seat, move the cross down and reduce the height a few cm too. https://hoveloghage.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/image-6.png?w=996 The remarkable image in Anot...

The seat is 18" from the ground. It's 14 1/2" wide and 11 1/4" deep. [...] The first and last seat slats are indeed wider than the ones in between. I got the idea from this stool in a Robert Campin painting. The pivots are clearly a lot higher than you would expect, and the only reason I could thin...

The text from Vikingeskibsmuseet seem to be guesswork directed at kids. While the individual weapon requirements seems relatively accurate (allthough the Norwegian Gulating law says 'broad axe or sword', not 'and'). The article constructs a term "light axes", while the old laws clearly contrasted br...

Len Parker: * The c 1280 Njal's saga is inconclusive, but falls within the period where we are pretty certain that the norse word panzari denoted textile armour. * The law you're referring to i misattributed by Madden 1833. The reference to panzari is first found in Magnus Lawmender's Landslov and y...

The author of konungsskuggsjá (~1250) literally says 'panzari' is made of linens True. This 13th c old norse meaning is implicit in Sean's original post and I failed to make it explicit. Thanks for pointing it out. This meaning is also among other found in the Sturlunga sagas and Karlamagnus' saga....

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This thread went under my radar, but wery interesting! 1. From the mid 14th century on panzer is used for mail or protection in general in norse too. To me this seem to be the result of a reintroduction of the term from (lower?) Germanic language areas. First shown in the 1340 Bohus royal inventory ...

[This is just a preliminary post. It will be edited as I collect scattered sources and interpretations,and decipher the abbrevations] Relevant threads: " Paltocks " (Ernst 2015), " mid 14th century cloth garment nomenclature " (2016) Middle low German cognate: Paltrock . Middle Dutch cognate: Paltro...

Being from a country which did its best to eradicate the species, getting my hands on baleen is of little issue. It is still to be found at flea markets. I just need to build up the courage (and time) to make moulds and start experimenting with hot-forming it. And I expect it might have changed its ...

'Cops and canons' or rivet washers Thank you for the full translation of the Paris Armourers' rule 6 Sean! This makes sense and complies with your BL Royal 10 E IV Decretals of Gregory IX dating 1275-1325: The circles shown at the knuckles and at the cuffs (or at the back of very long metacaprals) ...

I have an interest in early baleen and iron plate gauntlets. There's no question about their existence in England, the Low Countries, France and Italy at the dawn of the 14th century and I guess they're plausible in the German lands as well as in Scandinavia. The common go-to-style are the Visby one...

Great resource! Might I suggest adding the Rothwell Jack to the "Extant Quilted Garments"-section? It is covered in * Elizabeth Coatsworth et al 2017, Clothing the Past Surviving Garments from Early Medieval to Early Modern Western Europe. * Richard Knowles, "A defensive garment in the Chruch at Rot...

I just had to adjust the digitalization of Froissart 's description of the 1392 breakdown and run it through googletranslate. Ainsi que le roi de France chevauchoit en la chaleur du soleil sur un plain et un sablonnis, et faisoit si merveilleusement chaud que devant ni puis, pour celle saison, il n'...

I guess there's no need to stress that this description is fixed in time - this is what the chapel de Montauban looked like in 1446, with ridge or pike(?) and five fingers wide brim. The 1315 rules is a strong indication that already by that date the term was sufficiently generic do include all kett...

I had a second look into this. 1) I can only conclude that Niels Just Rasmussen used the danish word testikel dolk as a modern term. In danish research Lars Krants Larsen 2007, " Thorkild Dahls daggerter ", KUML , dismisses this term in favour of nyredolk . At the same time, he seem to misidentify t...

A couple of helpless translations from rules concerning wambais from Bohemia and Moravia, based on a source Sean already have but which might be new for the rest of us: Rössler, Emil Franz 1845, Deutsche Rechtsdenkmäler aus Böhmen und Mähren; ein Sammlung von Rechtsbüchern, Urkunden und alten Aufzei...

Over on MyArmoury, Niels Just Rasmussen cited: Troels Frederik Troels-Lund (1903) Dagligt liv i Norden i det 16de aarhundrede , volume IV, page 159. That book appeared in many versions (even a German translation ) and I can't find volume IV online. Here it is: Troels Frederik Troels-Lund (1903) Dag...

Brynolf Hellner mentions a marginal drawing in a late 15th century illustration from Sweden, where the word " stækemætz " (literary "stabbing knife") describes the bullock dagger (left in image), Magnus Erikssons land law, SKB XB 123 (I couldn't verify the source, probably Kungliga biblioteket, B 12...

Chasuble, Ösmo church, Södermanland, Sweden, late 15th century. Silk damask. Lining of dark blue linen. In Maria Neijmans blog with some nice images here.

Yes, at first glance that looks like "they shall have gamboised coats or gambesons and iron caps, swords and daggers." I am trying to figure out whether they reprint someone else's transcription or made their own. Lagier states that he redid the transcription due to inconsistencies between Duby and...

Seven Sheitan in the XIII century European Armour group on facebook brought my attention to a Guerrierisma-article on Abbot Pierre de Chevry's 1274 ordonance for the milita of Saint-Maur-des-Fossées just outside Paris. Those 53 people worth 30 pounds or more are especially relevant in our case: Habe...

The famous scene with Richard's crusaders marching and ignoring the Turks' arrows has either "a vest of thick felt" ( un habit de feutre très-épais ) or "solid iron corselets" over the coats of mail, and the second translation is newer and based on the best manuscript. Thanks for your link and comm...

Thanks for the correction, Sean. Rereading Coatsworth et al 2017, Clothing the Past , I see that I've jumped to conclusions based on their reference to some dispute concerning the quilting of the Charles de Blois pourpoint, and realize the "dispute" is a reenactor quibble only: The pourpoint is quil...

I've done a project like yours, Mega, and run into a few relevant challenges. But first: Cotton batting is more like a layer of thin felt, not at all what we seem to find in the extant examples. It is a lot like what we have in the gold Charles du Blois pourpoint, the Pandolfo III Malatesta farsetto...

The dating of (the relevant part of) the King Sverre's Saga should be corrected to first quarter of the 13th Century. I'll get back on the rest.

Another reconstruction of the St. Maurice sleeve by Cité d'antan (also a (allmost) straight tube body, though).

The probably earliest reference to panzer as textile armour in norse Sources are the King Sverris saga , written down in two parts, the first part in the late 12th century, the second in the first quarter of the 13th Century. It is referred to allready by Hewitt 1855 p 111 : "In King Sverrer's Saga,...

More sources, mainly from Meyrick: Statutes of Frejus 1233, a french mediterranean town: " Peditum armatum intelligimus armatum scuto et propuncto , seu auspergoto et cofa, seu capello ferreo et cargan vel sine cargan ," transl: "We understand by armed infantry those who are armed with shields and p...

French accounts 1268, Computis Baillivorum Franciæ , " Expensæ pro cendatis, bourra ad Gambesones , Tapetis, ... " Meyrick's transl: "Money paid for Sandal, for flocks for Gambesons , for embroidery, ..." William the Breton relates a skirmish at Mante, where Sir William de Barres encountered with th...

Great resource! Thank you for your work, Sean. One more word to add to the mix: in Norse you can say vapentröja for a coat-armour. In one of Dan's threads someone found a German text from Oldenburg which states that a militiaman must have "[...] zinen helm ofte ysern hut, zine yseren huven, zine tro...

Red linen lining is found in a 14th century brigantine fragment in Schloss Tirol published by Beatrix Nutz 2015 CT8920: fragment with outer cover of yellow silk, middle layer of white linen and inner layer of red (!) linen. Both linen layers are tabby, while the silk is samite. Threadcount is 17-19 ...

Elina (Neulakko) recently hypothesed that Nockert was wrong after all in removing the red V from the cloak and placing it on the hood: "Now I am inclined to think that V would, after all, belong on the cloak. I believe that had enforced the shoulder seam opening at the side where the cloak was open....

Because it is not among Snorri Sturluson's sagas, the most popular compilation, but written a few years earlier by abbot Karl Jonsson. I guess Snorri left it out because it was allready recently popularized, or because it was too close to his own time for comfort? The even later Haakon Haakonson's s...