On butter:
Buy raw milk.
Refridgerate, let seperate, skim off cream.
Leave a bit of cream if you like your milk creamy.
Mix remaining cream if any back into the milk.
Put cream in sealed container.
Leave out until next day to sour slightly (roughly 70 degree room temp), this will improve the flavor.
[note: by keeping track of how long it is out at what temp, you can control the flavor.]
Churn in favorite manner.
When butter seperates from buttermilk, drain off buttermilk for pancakes or muffins.
Put butter in shallow bowl.
Rinse butter in near freezing water, work the butter in the water with a stiff spatula.
Drain & repeat until water is clear twice.
Work the water for a couple minutes more to help remove excess water.
Add (a little) salt to extend shelflife and possibly increase taste.
Put in mold or tub.
Make bread product with buttermilk.
Eat bread product while still warm from oven with fresh butter and cold glass of milk.
You can always buy heavy cream instead of seperating your own and just leave it to sour in the container it came in.
Sweet butter is cream with a PH of 6.6 or higher (about 98% of commercial butter in the U.S. is sweet butter).
Leaving it out if it has the right cultures could count, but then you'd have to watch the PH and temp or it won't come out right.
Cultured butter has cultures added that alter the taste and drives the PH down.
You can also melt a bunch of unsalted butter(but don't boil it) and then wait until it seperates. skim the froth away(whey). Keep the clear golden liquid and pour through cheesecloth. Ditch the sediment. You can take this camping as it takes longer to spoil. This is clarified butter.
To make butter
and cheese, you'd have to centerfuge the cream from the whey.
It can be done with some of the more powerful centerfuge juicers.
I don't think it can be done in reverse succesfully, but I've never tried.
BTW, goats milk is more difficult to butter than cowsmilk; there is less fat in the milk and the cream doesn't easily sperate(smaller fat globules).
On another note, a friend sent me a list of raw milk suppliers for the U.S. (though probably not complete).
PM me a location, and I'll try to get something close to you.
I don't know if you can get unpasturized from them; they have to keep the cows and the equipment ultra-clean.
You can call and ask.
