http://militum-xristi.flybb.ru/topic902.html
Among the many examples is the Legnago kettle hat, also discussed here, where some argue it might be an iron bucket rather than helmet:
http://www.vikingsword.com/vb/showthread.php?t=12794
Information from the Russian domain (bolding mine):
Here is the description and the measures.
Period: 13th century
Perhaps from teutonic area
It's made with three elements. Two bands of bent sheet metal ring and a bell-shaped upper dome-shaped cone with edges folded down to form a cylinder. The three elements are joined together with rivets of iron loops, clinched so as not to create external protrusions.
The upper cap surmounts 9 to 12 mm for the upper edge of the intermediate band. The two pieces are combined with 6 rivets. The distances between the rivets are not regular.
The lower edge of the intermediate band for about 16 mm overlaps the upper edge of the lower band. These two pieces are joined together by 8 rivets. Even for these rivets are not regular distances between each other
The ends of both bands overlaps and are fixed with rivets.
All edges of the joint are shaped so that the outer surface of the helmet has no discontinuities or protrusions.
Within the lower band, about 84 mm from the edge, there were 20 rings of iron, placed at irregular distances from each other. Two of them are still together a chain mail, to prove that at these rings was fixed a camaglio.
The hat-in-arms (?) of the Museum Fioroni has’nt slits for eyes because, for the low point of connection with the camaglio, the bottom edge of the helmet is placed above the eyebrows.
Measures
Total height 267 mm
Base diameter 344 mm
Top
Base diameter 193 mm approximately
top diameter About 185 mm
Height of cylindrical portion About 25 mm
Summit of cone 20 mm from the base.
Intermediate band
Base diameter 236 mm approximately
External height: 95 mm approx
Lower band
Base diameter 344 mm approximately
External Height: 127 mm approximately
Positioning the inner rings 84 mm from lower edge
Fixing ring for camaglio (2)
Internal diameter 4 mm
Outer diameter 9.3 mm
Thickness 4.5 mm
NOTES
1) The construction technique - forged elements, joined together with rivets –(not welded) is similar to that adopted in the contemporary Pot Helmets.
2) The 20 rings were fixed to camaglio inserted in through holes in the metal band and secured it with the system of the rivet replied. Three of them are intact. 9 of them has only the rivet securing at the metal band. 8 of them are completely missing; There mounting hole was inappropriately closed with a plastic material during the restoration.
Condition.
The outer surfaces, highly corroded, have been properly and thoroughly deoxidized. The use of excessively abrasive tools is evident only on the protruding rivets. Less responsible for the restoration of the interior surfaces.
All surfaces are protected with acrylic film Such protection is still effective and requires no rework.
The restoration has been pushed to the reconstruction of some missing parts with plastic material.
My first reaction is that these "rings" (loops) are not part of a camail, but attachments for the chin strap. There are only three loops remaining, and the others may not have been loops at all, but merely the attachment for the brow-band of the suspension system.. Only two loops contain smaller "mail" rings, which would have been useful attachment points for leather strapping for the chin closure. (Interestingly enough, if this theory is correct the modern value of symmetry and placing the riveted join in the back would not seem to be correct. Presuming the loops on the internal view would be on the side of the head and slightly to the rear of the ear, the riveted join would be about 4 o'clock on the wearer, perhaps the hardest place to hit for a right-handed opponent.)
There is this miniature showing a bascinet being forged and mail maker at work:
http://molcat1.bl.uk/IllImages/Ekta/big ... 027741.jpg
At the lower right we see an apparent kettle hat resting on mail, but this could be a separate coif.
Does anyone here think the Legnago evidence points to a camail, or is there any other evidence for a camail being attached inside a kettle hat rather than wearing one over a mail coif? (Or does its round section point to it not likely to be a kettle hat at all?)
