Document: c.1315 Tournament Rules

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Ernst
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Document: c.1315 Tournament Rules

Post by Ernst »

As usual, comments and corrections are welcome.

This ordinance for tournament armor is dated to the reign of Edward II (1307-1327) per the The Journal of the British Archaeological Association, Volume 13, which also includes an early English translation.
https://books.google.com/books?id=iTgGA ... yt&f=false

The same list appears in Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick's A Critical Inquiry Into Antient Armour, where he lists sources for the original French, including du Cange, pp. 104-8.
https://books.google.com/books?id=Sy8VA ... II&f=false

The rules and challenge are issued by Perceval de Warenne, et al.. John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey or Warenne had a large number of illegitimate children, and was excommunicated for his adultery. Several appear in his will, but Perceval isn't among them. It could be that Perceval died before his father, or was an imposter, or was a pseudonym used in the challenge to evoke Arthurian myths. The armor requirements appear at the end of the rules.

c.1315 Tournament Rules of Perceval de Warenne, et al.
Image

C'est la maniere et l'ordonnance, et comment on foulloit faire anciennement les tournois. ……….
This is the manner and rules, and how we formally want the tournament.....

Premierement, un harnois de jambes couvert de cuir cousu à esguillettes au long de la jambe, jusques au genouil, et deux attaches larges pour attacher à son barruier et souleres valuës attachez aux gruës.
First, a harness of jambers covered with sewn leather with points closing the length of the jamber, up to the knee, and two wide straps for attaching its gates(?) and valued solerets attached to the greaves. (laced and buckled shut?) (barrière - fence, gate, barricade,etc. - perhaps the back half of the greaves?)
Item, cuisses et poullains de cuir, armoiez de Varennes des armes au chevalier.
Item, cuisses and poleyns of leather, with the arms of the knight of Warenne.
Item, une chausse de mailles pardessus le harnois de jambes, attachée au brayer comme dit est, par dessus les cuisses, et uns esperons dorez, qui font attachez à une cordelette autour de la jambe, afin que la molette ne tourne dessous le pied.
Item, a chausse of mail beneath the harness of jambers, attached to the brayer, as aforesaid, beneath the cuisses, and golden spurs, which are attached with a cord around the lower leg, so that the rowel does not turn beneath the foot.
Item, uns anciens, et unes espaulieres.
Item, an antique(?), and a shoulder defense.
Item, paus et manchez qui sont attachez à la cuirie et la cuirie, à tout ses esgrappes fur les espaules, et une seurseliere sur le pis d'avant.
Item, a mail paunce and sleeves which are attached to the cuirie and the cuirie, all with the clusters for the shoulders, and a sister strap(?) on the breast in front.
Item, bracheres à tout les houson, et le han escuçon de la banniere fur le col couvert de cuir, avec les tonneres pour les attacher au braier à la cuirie: et fur le bacinet une coiffe de mailles, et un bel orfroy pardevant le front qui veult.
Item, bracers which are all enclosed(?), and the han escutcheon for the banner of the sewn leather cover(?) for the attachment of the braier with the cuirie: and the bascinet and hood of mail, and a beautiful orphrey is placed in front of that. (A difficult passage.)
Item, bracellets attachez aux espaules à la cuirie.
Item, bracellets (rerebraces?) attached to the shoulders of the cuirie.
Item, un heaume, et le tymbre, tel comme il voudra.
Item, a helmet, and tymbre, such as he likes. (achievement, crest)
Item, deux chaînes à attachier à la poitrine de la cuirie, une pour l'espee, et l'autre pour le baston en deux visieres pour le heaume attacher.
Item, two chains which attach to the breast of the cuirie, one for the sword, and the other for the club and two visors to attach to the helm.

Item, le harnois de l escuyer fera tout pareil, excepte qu'il ne doit avoir nulles chauces de maille, ne coiffètte de maille sur le bacinet, mais doit avoir un chappeau de Montauban, et fi ne doit avoir nulles bracheres, et des autres choses peut s'armer comme un chevalier, et ne doit point avoir de sautour à sa selle.
Item, the harness for the suires will be the same, except they will have no mail chausses, nor coifette of mail on the bascinet, but mast have a Montauban kettle hat, and shall have no bracers, and in other things can be armed like a knight, and must not have a sautour with his saddle.
Last edited by Ernst on Mon Aug 15, 2016 5:25 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Gerhard von Liebau
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Re: Document: c.1315 Tournament Rules

Post by Gerhard von Liebau »

So what are we thinking the jambers are, particularly pointed up the back to the knee? Something like gamboised greaves? Then what of the leather sewn on? Super interesting stuff to consider...

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Re: Document: c.1315 Tournament Rules

Post by Derian le Breton »

"harnois de jambes" translates to "leg harness."

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Re: Document: c.1315 Tournament Rules

Post by Ernst »

While jambs are legs (q.v. doorjamb), the fact that cuisses are mentioned next makes me suspect the jambers are for the lower leg only. We have a number of illustrations and sculptural representations of laced "greaves". The fact that the jambers have a sewn leather covering doesn't tell us much about their material construction, as plate plate armor was sometimes covered with leather. Considering there are leather cuisses and poleyns, it's possible the jambers are also made of some lightweight construction.

Along similar lines, whiat are we to make of the cuirie?
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Re: Document: c.1315 Tournament Rules

Post by Ernst »

1. et deux attaches larges pour attacher à son barruier

3. attachée au brayer comme dit est,

Since the second reference calls for the mail chausses to be attached to the brayer "as is said", the older translation used by Meyrick suggests that the barruier is the same item. If so, the mail chausses and leather cuisses/poleyns are both connected to the same item, and barruier should be re-translated.
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Re: Document: c.1315 Tournament Rules

Post by wcallen »

Blair identifies a cuirie as a body covering that was (most likely) at least originally made from leather.
He points to an effigy (as I remember) that shows a smooth surface buckled thing on the body at about the right time period.

I could be more precise, but I don't keep a copy of Blair at work.

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Re: Document: c.1315 Tournament Rules

Post by Ernst »

I'm fairly certain Blair's reference is to the late 13th century "Pershore Abbey Knight".
https://www.flickr.com/photos/davidmxg/ ... mentstoday

The Tournament at Windsor Park in 1281 also used leather cuiries and helmets to resist the baleen swords. The fact that the mail paunce and sleeves, as well as a separate breast, are attached to the cuirie seems to point to a definitive use of using lighter armor for the tournament than for war.
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Re: Document: c.1315 Tournament Rules

Post by Mac »

Might the breyer that the chauses are attached to refer to the belt that's holding up his braies? I expect that he would be wearing the some sort of braies as the guys in the Maciejewski Bible, and that broad casing at the top almost certainly contains a belt. This is, by way of a teaser, what I will be calling "type 1" braies in my upcoming typology.

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Re: Document: c.1315 Tournament Rules

Post by Ernst »

Mac,
That seems the logical explanation, but attaching the mail chausses as well as leather cuisses and poleyns to the breeches belt seems like it might risk an unexpected dropping of the drawers, doesn't it?

And what of the later braier à la cuirie:?
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Re: Document: c.1315 Tournament Rules

Post by Mac »

Ernst wrote:Mac,
That seems the logical explanation, but attaching the mail chausses as well as leather cuisses and poleyns to the breeches belt seems like it might risk an unexpected dropping of the drawers, doesn't it?
Well. They have to tie up to something. :)

I do see what you mean though. Could it be that all such suspension belts might be called breyers?... whether they are or are not they are the one that's currently holding up one's drawers? Perhaps our guy has one breyer threaded through his pants, (and it keeps him decent as well as holding up his hosen), and another analogous breyer over top of that which holds up his leg armor.
Ernst wrote:And what of the later braier à la cuirie:?
That does toss a spanner in the works.

Mac
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Re: Document: c.1315 Tournament Rules

Post by wcallen »

Ernst wrote:I'm fairly certain Blair's reference is to the late 13th century "Pershore Abbey Knight".
https://www.flickr.com/photos/davidmxg/ ... mentstoday

The Tournament at Windsor Park in 1281 also used leather cuiries and helmets to resist the baleen swords. The fact that the mail paunce and sleeves, as well as a separate breast, are attached to the cuirie seems to point to a definitive use of using lighter armor for the tournament than for war.
Yea, that's the one.
And 1315 isn't all that far from the date for those... and this is tournament so the "light but functional" armour would be a reasonable thing to be using...

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Re: Document: c.1315 Tournament Rules

Post by Mark Griffin »

but I don't keep a copy of Blair at work.
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